宋元時期中國遠程貿(mào)易的德化瓷在泰國南部塞丁普拉遺址的發(fā)現(xiàn)（六）
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小陶陶
2022-03-15 1807
8740
編者按：
2011年11月，由北京故宮博物院、中國古陶瓷學會、福建省文物局、德化縣人民政府共同主辦的“2011中國瓷都?德化窯學術研討會”在瓷都德化舉辦，近百位國內(nèi)外博物館館長、從事陶瓷文化研究的專家學者齊聚瓷都德化，以“的故鄉(xiāng)、瓷藝術的搖籃”為主題，共同研討深厚的德化窯陶瓷文化。
研討會共提交專題論文39篇，其中不乏外國專家的作品。與會的專家學者以翔實的圖文史料為佐證，從學術專業(yè)的角度對德化窯在國內(nèi)外陶瓷文化領域的歷史地位和影響做了全面深刻的闡述，是一筆難得的、豐碩的學術成果。
近期，《外國人眼中的“”》欄目將再次回顧刊載該研討會的相關論文，并對其中的論文進行翻譯，為廣大德化陶瓷文化研究愛好者提供學習、交流、參考。
Dehua Ceramics in Long-distance Trade in the Song- Yuan period: excavations at Satingpra, South Thailand（六）
Janice Stargardt 翻譯：孫延燕
Fig 11 presents samples excavated at Satingpra of Jingdezhen ceramics of the same period. The dominant morphology of these sherds is small unlidded bowls.
圖11展示了同一時期景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷出土的樣品。這些陶瓷的主要形態(tài)是小型無蓋碗。
Fig. 11, fine white-bodied Jingdezhen sherds found at Satingpra, S.Song
圖11，在塞丁普拉發(fā)現(xiàn)的南宋景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷碎片
Their paste is regularly white or pale grey and the glaze white or bluish-white.
這些陶瓷的瓷土通常為白色或淺灰色，釉面為白色或青白色。
In Fig.12 below, some samples of the best-known types of Longquan ceramics are presented. Again the dominant morphology is small unlidded bowls. The paste of these sherds is grey, the glaze green and unglazed foot rings are both oxydised and unoxydised. To sum up, the Ou, Jingdezhen and Longquan wares share a common morphology of small unlidded bowls, whereas the morphology of the Dehua ceramics is dominated by small lidded boxes and incense holders. This suggests a specialised role for the Dehua ceramics at Satingpra: as containers for small quantities of the most valuable incenses from the rainforest of the Kra Ecotone. They may have been used in rituals, medecines as well as aromatics, initially in trade with China and from there further diffused in Central and Eastern Asia in trade and as imperial gifts.
在圖12中，展示了一些最知名的龍泉陶瓷樣品。同樣，主要是一些小型的無蓋碗。這些瓷片的黏土是灰色的，綠色的胎釉和無釉的圈足是經(jīng)過氧化和無氧化的?？傊T瓷、景德鎮(zhèn)瓷和龍泉瓷具具有小型無蓋瓷碗的共同形態(tài)，而德化瓷器的形態(tài)以小型有蓋瓷盒和香燭臺為主。這表明了德化陶瓷在塞丁普拉的特殊作用: 作為裝載少量源自克拉過渡帶雨林最珍貴香料的容器。它們可能被用于儀式，醫(yī)療和芳香劑，最初用于與中國的貿(mào)易，后來在中亞和東亞進一步擴散，作為帝國的禮物。
Fig. 12,small unlidded Longquan bowls found at Satingpra, S.Song
圖12，塞丁普拉發(fā)現(xiàn)的南宋時期龍泉窯小型無蓋碗
Fig, 13, coring for fossilized forest pollens, Songkhla Lakes
圖13，宋卡湖進行的植物花粉分析
A comprehensive programme of pollen coring has been carried out both in the Songkhla Lakes and in the beds of the ancient shipping canals of the Satingpra sites. These have yielded a precious record of the ancient plant populations of this area, extending back now to 10000 years BP and covering the past 2000 years in some detail. The results show the most precious species of incense plants were present in the forest of the Kra Ecotone, ad jacent to the Satingpra archaeological sites over a long period of time. It is tempting to see in their survival up to the present some degree o deliberate conservation and prudent forest management. For whatever reason, over a long period of time. It is tempting to see in their survival up to the present some degree of deliberate conservation and prudent forest management. For whatever reason, over-exploitation of these valuable products has been avoided and they are still being exported to China today. The main incense products of the Kra Ecotone are:
在宋卡湖和塞丁普拉遺址的古運河河床中進行了植物花粉分析的全面計劃。這些已經(jīng)獲得了這個地區(qū)古代植物種群的珍貴記錄，時間可以追溯到10000年前，并且詳細地記錄了過去2000年的情況。結(jié)果表明，最珍貴的香料植物出現(xiàn)在克拉群落交錯帶的森林里，在很長一段時間里，這里是塞丁普拉考古遺址的附屬地。我們很容易看到它們能夠存在到現(xiàn)在，在某種程度上是經(jīng)過精心的保護和謹慎的森林管理。不管是什么原因，不管出于什么原因，過度開發(fā)這些有價值的產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)被避免，而且今天它們?nèi)匀槐怀隹诘街袊??？死郝浣诲e區(qū)的主要香料產(chǎn)品有:
Table 2, Main Incenses Traded to China from Satingpra
Styrax benzoin Dryand. [benzoin gum] 安息香
Aquillaria malaccensis Lamb. [aloes or gaharuwood]-Anxi in Chinese 沉香
Dalbergia parviflora Roxb. [lakawood] -joss-sticks 黃檀
Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. [Barus camphor] 龍腦香
Blumea balsamifera (L.) [Camphor] 艾納香
責任編輯：陳美珠
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